On December 10, 2025, Dr. Emmanuel Bah Tokoh successfully defended his thesis, “Language and Ideology in Cameroon News Media: A Critical-Stylistic Analysis of Newspaper Headlines (2017-2023)”, earning an excellent grade.
The defence took place before a jury of six members: Prof. Tanda Vincent (President), Prof. Victor N. Cheo (Rapporteur I), Prof. Asonganyi Esther (Rapporteur II), Prof. Njimeli Alexandre (Examiner I), Prof. Muluh Henry (Examiner II), and Prof. Wega Simeu (Member).
The thesis was supervised by Prof. Victor N. Cheo, Professor of Communication, and Prof. Asonganyi Esther, Associate Professor of Linguistics at the University of Bamenda.
This study examined the interplay between language and ideology in selected Cameroonian newspapers from 2017 to 2023, focusing on portrayals of the socio-political crisis in the North West and South West regions, the Boko Haram insurgency, and the aftermath of the 2018 presidential election.
It addressed questions concerning language, ideology, social practices, and public perceptions of conflict in Cameroon. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study identified key linguistic features and their corresponding ideological messages by qualitatively applying Jeffries’ textual-conceptual functions to analyse a purposive sample of 250 newspaper headlines from Cameroon Tribune, The Post, The Guardian Post, La Nouvelle Expression, and L’Œil du Sahel, curated through archival methods.
Quantitative data was collected via a questionnaire administered to 250 readers in Bamenda, Buea, Yaoundé, Douala, Bafoussam, and Maroua using a multistage sampling technique, with descriptive and inferential statistics analysing perceptions of ideological biases.
Grounded in an interdisciplinary framework that integrated Jeffries’ (2010) Critical-Stylistic Analysis, Goffman’s (1974) News Framing, and Katz’s (1959) Uses and Gratifications theories, the study revealed a significant correlation between language use and ideological fragmentation in newspaper headlines, influenced by proprietary and politico-economic interests.
Specifically, Cameroon Tribune exhibited a positive tone aligned with a pro-government agenda, while The Post employed an emotive tone advocating for marginalised communities and political reform. The Guardian Post adopted a conciliatory approach reflecting a centrist view, La Nouvelle Expression used an evocative tone to support a multi-perspectivist agenda, and L’Œil du Sahel reflected an ethno-regionalist stance with its advocative tone.
These linguistic-ideological patterns mirrored social practices and contributed to ideological polarisation among readers. The study recommends proactive government initiatives to address social inequalities, a nationwide journalist retraining programme, and increased subsidies for a responsible private press that promotes inclusive linguistic policies to foster social cohesion and national unity.
Practical Implications of Dr. Bah Tokoh’s PhD Thesis
Dr. Bah Tokoh’s research enhances understanding of how language shapes public perceptions and ideological tensions in conflict reporting. Insights from the study will guide the development of more balanced content, promoting social cohesion. Additionally, his emphasis on media accountability will inspire journalists to adopt higher ethical reporting standards.
Understanding the influence of language will help media professionals engage a broader audience and foster inclusivity in their reporting. By bridging academic research with media practice, Dr. Tokoh positions himself as an expert, thereby enhancing his credibility in discussions about conflict reporting.
His PhD will strengthen his academic and professional identity and relevance in an emerging society, as the insights from his thesis can drive meaningful change and fortify the fabric of our nation.
Dr. Bah Tokoh’s Message to Young Researchers in Cameroon
It is crucial for researchers, especially PhD candidates, to focus on exploring social problems and proposing viable solutions.
Using academic frameworks to address issues like conflict, inequality, and social cohesion should be paramount. The goal of a PhD should be to contribute positively, not to exacerbate the challenges faced by our country. Respect for established institutions, university authorities, lecturers, and supervisors cannot be overstated in the academic journey.
They provide guidance and support, and engaging with them constructively will enhance the quality of your research. Take their corrections and suggestions seriously, as they are often rooted in experience and can significantly improve your work.
Approaching your PhD with a solution-oriented mindset and a spirit of collaboration with your academic community contributes to meaningful change that strengthens society rather than creates additional challenges.